/* Based on: * --------------------------------------------------------- * | Arduino Experimentation Kit Example Code | * | CIRC-02 .: 8 LED Fun :. (Multiple LEDs) | * --------------------------------------------------------- * * A few Simple LED animations * * For more information on this circuit http://tinyurl.com/d2hrud * */ //LED Pin Variables int ledPins[] = {2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}; //An array to hold the pin each LED is connected to //i.e. LED #0 is connected to pin 2, LED #1, 3 and so on //to address an array use ledPins[0] this would equal 2 //and ledPins[7] would equal 9 /* * setup() - this function runs once when you turn your Arduino on * it will set up all the LED pins as OUTPUTs */ void setup() { //Set each pin connected to an LED to output mode (pulling high (on) or low (off) for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++){ // this is a loop that repeats eight times pinMode(ledPins[i],OUTPUT); // we use this to set each LED pin to output } /* (commented code will not run) * These are the lines replaced by the for loop above * They both do exactly the same thing, but the loop uses less typing pinMode(ledPins[0],OUTPUT); pinMode(ledPins[1],OUTPUT); pinMode(ledPins[2],OUTPUT); pinMode(ledPins[3],OUTPUT); pinMode(ledPins[4],OUTPUT); pinMode(ledPins[5],OUTPUT); pinMode(ledPins[6],OUTPUT); pinMode(ledPins[7],OUTPUT); (end of commented code)*/ } /* * loop() - this function will start after setup finishes and then repeat * We call a function called oneAfterAnother(). If you would like a different behaviour * uncomment (delete the two slashes) one of the other lines */ void loop() { oneAfterAnotherNoLoop(); //this will turn on each LED one by one then turn each off //oneAfterAnotherLoop(); //does the same as oneAfterAnotherNoLoop but with //much less typing //oneOnAtATime(); //this will turn one LED on then turn the next one //on turning the former off //(one LED will look like it is scrolling along the line) //inAndOut(); //lights two LEDs from the middle out then back in again } /* * oneAfterAnotherNoLoop() - Will light one LED then delay for delayTime then light * the next LED until all LEDs are on. It will then turn them off one after another * * This does it without using a loop which makes for a lot of typing. * oneOnAtATimeLoop() does exactly the same thing with less typing */ void oneAfterAnotherNoLoop(){ int delayTime = 100; //the time (in milliseconds) to pause between LEDs //make smaller for quicker switching and larger for slower digitalWrite(ledPins[0], HIGH); //Turns on LED #0 (connected to pin 2 ) delay(delayTime); //waits delayTime milliseconds digitalWrite(ledPins[1], HIGH); //Turns on LED #1 (connected to pin 3 ) delay(delayTime); //waits delayTime milliseconds digitalWrite(ledPins[2], HIGH); //Turns on LED #2 (connected to pin 4 ) delay(delayTime); //waits delayTime milliseconds digitalWrite(ledPins[3], HIGH); //Turns on LED #3 (connected to pin 5 ) delay(delayTime); //waits delayTime milliseconds digitalWrite(ledPins[4], HIGH); //Turns on LED #4 (connected to pin 6 ) delay(delayTime); //waits delayTime milliseconds digitalWrite(ledPins[5], HIGH); //Turns on LED #5 (connected to pin 7 ) delay(delayTime); //waits delayTime milliseconds digitalWrite(ledPins[6], HIGH); //Turns on LED #6 (connected to pin 8 ) delay(delayTime); //waits delayTime milliseconds digitalWrite(ledPins[7], HIGH); //Turns on LED #7 (connected to pin 9 ) delay(delayTime); //waits delayTime milliseconds //Turns Each LED Off digitalWrite(ledPins[7], LOW); //Turns on LED #7 (connected to pin 9 ) delay(delayTime); //waits delayTime milliseconds digitalWrite(ledPins[6], LOW); //Turns on LED #6 (connected to pin 8 ) delay(delayTime); //waits delayTime milliseconds digitalWrite(ledPins[5], LOW); //Turns on LED #5 (connected to pin 7 ) delay(delayTime); //waits delayTime milliseconds digitalWrite(ledPins[4], LOW); //Turns on LED #4 (connected to pin 6 ) delay(delayTime); //waits delayTime milliseconds digitalWrite(ledPins[3], LOW); //Turns on LED #3 (connected to pin 5 ) delay(delayTime); //waits delayTime milliseconds digitalWrite(ledPins[2], LOW); //Turns on LED #2 (connected to pin 4 ) delay(delayTime); //waits delayTime milliseconds digitalWrite(ledPins[1], LOW); //Turns on LED #1 (connected to pin 3 ) delay(delayTime); //waits delayTime milliseconds digitalWrite(ledPins[0], LOW); //Turns on LED #0 (connected to pin 2 ) delay(delayTime); //waits delayTime milliseconds } /* * oneAfterAnotherLoop() - Will light one LED then delay for delayTime then light * the next LED until all LEDs are on. It will then turn them off one after another * * It does this using a loop which makes for a lot less typing than oneOnAtATimeNoLoop() */ void oneAfterAnotherLoop(){ int delayTime = 100; //the time (in milliseconds) to pause between LEDs //make smaller for quicker switching and larger for slower //Turn Each LED on one after another // each time this for loop runs, i gets one added to it // so this will repeat 8 times // the first time i will be 0, the final time i will be 7 for(int i = 0; i <= 7; i++){ digitalWrite(ledPins[i], HIGH); //Turns on the i-th LED in the array delay(delayTime); } //Turn Each LED off one after another // each time this for loop runs, i gets one subtracted from it // so this will repeat 8 times // the first time i will be 7, the final time i will be 0 for(int i = 7; i >= 0; i--){ digitalWrite(ledPins[i], LOW); //Turns off the i-th LED in the array delay(delayTime); } } /* * oneOnAtATime() - Will light one LED then the next turning off all the others */ void oneOnAtATime(){ int delayTime = 100; //the time (in milliseconds) to pause between LEDs //make smaller for quicker switching and larger for slower for(int i = 0; i <= 7; i++){ int offLED = i - 1; //Calculate which LED was turned on last time through if(i == 0) { //for i = 1 to 7 this is i minus 1 (i.e. if i = 2 we will offLED = 7; //turn on LED 2 and off LED 1) } //however if i = 0 we don't want to turn of led -1 (doesn't exist) //instead we turn off LED 7, (looping around) digitalWrite(ledPins[i], HIGH); //turn on LED #i digitalWrite(ledPins[offLED], LOW); //turn off the LED we turned on last time delay(delayTime); } } /* * inAndOut() - This will turn on the two middle LEDs then the next two out * making an in and out look */ void inAndOut(){ int delayTime = 100; //the time (in milliseconds) to pause between LEDs //make smaller for quicker switching and larger for slower //runs the LEDs out from the middle for(int i = 0; i <= 3; i++){ int offLED = i - 1; //Calculate which LED was turned on last time through if(i == 0) { offLED = 3; } int onLED1 = 3 - i; //this is the first LED to go on //ie. LED #3 when i = 0 and LED #0 when i = 3 int onLED2 = 4 + i; //this is the second LED to go on //ie. LED #4 when i = 0 and LED #7 when i = 3 int offLED1 = 3 - offLED; //turns off the first LED we turned on last time int offLED2 = 4 + offLED; //turns off the second LED we turned on last time digitalWrite(ledPins[onLED1], HIGH); digitalWrite(ledPins[onLED2], HIGH); digitalWrite(ledPins[offLED1], LOW); digitalWrite(ledPins[offLED2], LOW); delay(delayTime); } //runs the LEDs into the middle for(int i = 3; i >= 0; i--){ int offLED = i + 1; //Calculate which LED was turned on last time through if(i == 3) { offLED = 0; } int onLED1 = 3 - i; //this is the first LED to go on //ie. LED #0 when i = 3 and LED #3 when i = 0 int onLED2 = 4 + i; //this is the second LED to go on //ie. LED #7 when i = 3 and LED #4 when i = 0 int offLED1 = 3 - offLED; //turns off the first LED we turned on last time int offLED2 = 4 + offLED; //turns off the second LED we turned on last time digitalWrite(ledPins[onLED1], HIGH); digitalWrite(ledPins[onLED2], HIGH); digitalWrite(ledPins[offLED1], LOW); digitalWrite(ledPins[offLED2], LOW); delay(delayTime); } }